https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=C4BO9t2RezQ
Sunday 21 February 2016
Saturday 20 February 2016
When Relation Goes Worse to Worst
जब रिश्ते ख़राब हो जाते है तो लड़की के परिवार के पास 498A,DV Act etc एक एसा हथियार है जिससे लड़के ब लड़के के परिवार की जिन्दगी बद से बदतर बना दी जाती है!लड़के बाले सामान्यतः इस केस का सामना करने के अलाबा कुछ ऑर कर भी नहीं सकते!
भारतीय कानून महिला अधिकारों से भरा पड़ा है जिसमे पुरुष के पास अपने अधिकारों के बचाब के लिए कोई कानून नही है!एक तरफ़ा कानून की आड़ में पुरुष के पास कोई उपाय नहीं
Legal Womans Right
महिलाओं के कानूनी अधिकार
घरेलू हिंसा
[डोमेस्टिक वायलेंस एक्ट २००५]
१. शादीशुदा या अविवाहित स्त्रियाँ अपने साथ हो रहे अन्याय व प्रताड़ना को घरेलू हिंसा कानून के अंतर्गत दर्ज कराकर उसी घर में रहने का अधिकार पा सकती हैं जिसमे वे रह रही हैं|
२. यदि किसी महिला की इच्छा के विरूद्ध उसके पैसे, शेयर्स या बैंक अकाउंट का इस्तेमाल किया जा रहा हो तो इस कानून का इस्तेमाल करके वह इसे रोक सकती है|
३. इस कानून के अंतर्गत घर का बंटवारा कर महिला को उसी घर में रहने का अधिकार मिल जाता है और उसे प्रताड़ित करने वालों को उससे बात तक करने की इजाजत नहीं दी जाती|
४. विवाहित होने की स्थिति में अपने बच्चे की कस्टडी और मानसिक/शारीरिक प्रताड़ना का मुआवजा मांगने का भी उसे अधिकार है|
५. घरेलू हिंसा में महिलाएं खुद पर हो रहे अत्याचार के लिए सीधे न्यायालय से गुहार लगा सकती है, इसके लिए वकील को लेकर जाना जरुरी नहीं है| अपनी समस्या के निदान के लिए पीड़ित महिला- वकील प्रोटेक्शन ऑफिसर और सर्विस प्रोवाइडर में से किसी एक को साथ ले जा सकती है और चाहे तो खुद ही अपना पक्ष रख सकती है|
६. भारतीय दंड संहिता ४९८ के तहत किसी भी शादीशुदा महिला को दहेज़ के लिए प्रताड़ित करना कानूनन अपराध है| अब दोषी को सजा के लिए कोर्ट में लाने या सजा पाने की अवधि बढाकर आजीवन कर दी गई है|
७. हिन्दू विवाह अधिनियम १९९५ के तहत निम्न परिस्थितियों में कोई भी पत्नी अपने पति से तलाक ले सकती है- पहली पत्नी होने के वावजूद पति द्वारा दूसरी शादी करने पर, पति के सात साल तक लापता होने पर, परिणय संबंधों में संतुष्ट न कर पाने पर, मानसिक या शारीरिक रूप से प्रताड़ित करने पर, धर्म परिवर्तन करने पर, पति को गंभीर या लाइलाज बीमारी होने पर, यदि पति ने पत्नी को त्याग दिया हो और उन्हें अलग रहते हुए एक वर्ष से अधिक समय हो चुका हो तो|
८. यदि पति बच्चे की कस्टडी पाने के लिए कोर्ट में पत्नी से पहले याचिका दायर कर दे, तब भी महिला को बच्चे की कस्टडी प्राप्त करने का पूर्ण अधिकार है|
९. तलाक के बाद महिला को गुजाराभत्ता, स्त्रीधन और बच्चों की कस्टडी पाने का अधिकार भी होता है, लेकिन इसका फैसला साक्ष्यों के आधार पर अदालत ही करती है|
१०. पति की मृत्यु या तलाक होने की स्थिति में महिला अपने बच्चों की संरक्षक बनने का दावा कर सकती है|
११. भारतीय कानून के अनुसार, गर्भपात कराना अपराध की श्रेणी में आता है, लेकिन गर्भ की वजह से यदि किसी महिला के स्वास्थ्य को खतरा हो तो वह गर्भपात करा सकती है| ऐसी स्तिथि में उसका गर्भपात वैध माना जायेगा| साथ ही कोई व्यक्ति महिला की सहमति के बिना उसे गर्भपात के लिए बाध्य नहीं कर सकता| यदि वह ऐसा करता है तो महिला कानूनी दावा कर सकती है|
१२. तलाक की याचिका पर शादीशुदा स्त्री हिन्दू मैरेज एक्ट के सेक्शन २४ के तहत गुजाराभत्ता ले सकती है| तलाक लेने के निर्णय के बाद सेक्शन २५ के तहत परमानेंट एलिमनी लेने का भी प्रावधान है| विधवा महिलाएं यदि दूसरी शादी नहीं करती हैं तो वे अपने ससुर से मेंटेनेंस पाने का अधिकार रखती हैं| इतना ही नहीं, यदि पत्नी को दी गई रकम कम लगती है तो वह पति को अधिक खर्च देने के लिए बाध्य भी कर सकती है| गुजारेभत्ते का प्रावधान एडॉप्शन एंड मेंटेनेंस एक्ट में भी है|
१३. सीआर. पी. सी. के सेक्शन १२५ के अंतर्गत पत्नी को मेंटेनेंस, जो कि भरण-पोषण के लिए आवश्यक है, का अधिकार मिला है|
यहाँ पर यह जान लेना जरुरी होगा कि जिस तरह से हिन्दू महिलाओं को ये तमाम अधिकार मिले हैं, उसी तरह या उसके समकक्ष या सामानांतर अधिकार अन्य महिलाओं [जो कि हिन्दू नहीं हैं] को भी उनके पर्सनल लॉ में उपलब्ध हैं, जिनका उपयोग वे कर सकती हैं|
लिव इन रिलेशनशिप से जुड़े अधिकार
१४. लिव इन रिलेशनशिप में महिला पार्टनर को वही दर्जा प्राप्त है, जो किसी विवाहिता को मिलता है|
१५. लिव इन रिलेशनशिप संबंधों के दौरान यदि पार्टनर अपनी जीवनसाथी को मानसिक या शारीरिक प्रताड़ना दे तो पीड़ित महिला घरेलू हिंसा कानून की सहायता ले सकती है|
१६. लिव इन रिलेशनशिप से पैदा हुई संतान वैध मानी जाएगी और उसे भी संपत्ति में हिस्सा पाने का अधिकार होगा|
१७. पहली पत्नी के जीवित रहते हुए यदि कोई पुरुष दूसरी महिला से लिव इन रिलेशनशिप रखता है तो दूसरी पत्नी को भी गुजाराभत्ता पाने का अधिकार है|
बच्चों से सम्बंधित अधिकार
१८. प्रसव से पूर्व गर्भस्थ शिशु का लिंग जांचने वाले डॉक्टर और गर्भपात कराने का दबाव बनानेवाले पति दोनों को ही अपराधी करार दिया जायेगा| लिंग की जाँच करने वाले डॉक्टर को ३ से ५ वर्ष का कारावास और १० से १५ हजार रुपये का जुर्माना हो सकता है| लिंग जांच का दबाव डालने वाले पति और रिश्तेदारों के लिए भी सजा का प्रावधान है|
१९. १९५५ हिन्दू मैरेज एक्ट के सेक्शन २६ के अनुसार, पत्नी अपने बच्चे की सुरक्षा, भरण-पोषण और शिक्षा के लिए भी निवेदन कर सकती है|
२०. हिन्दू एडॉप्शन एंड सेक्शन एक्ट के तहत कोई भी वयस्क विवाहित या अविवाहित महिला बच्चे को गोद ले सकती है|
२१. यदि महिला विवाहित है तो पति की सहमति के बाद ही बच्चा गोद ले सकती है|
२२. दाखिले के लिए स्कूल के फॉर्म में पिता का नाम लिखना अब अनिवार्य नहीं है| बच्चे की माँ या पिता में से किसी भी एक अभिभावक का नाम लिखना ही पर्याप्त है|
जमीन जायदाद से जुड़े अधिकार
२३. विवाहित या अविवाहित, महिलाओं को अपने पिता की सम्पत्ति में बराबर का हिस्सा पाने का हक है| इसके अलावा विधवा बहू अपने ससुर से गुजराभात्ता व संपत्ति में हिस्सा पाने की भी हकदार है|
२४. हिन्दू मैरेज एक्ट १९५५ के सेक्शन २७ के तहत पति और पत्नी दोनों की जितनी भी संपत्ति है, उसके बंटवारे की भी मांग पत्नी कर सकती है| इसके अलावा पत्नी के अपने ‘स्त्री-धन’ पर भी उसका पूरा अधिकार रहता है|
२५. १९५४ के हिन्दू मैरेज एक्ट में महिलायें संपत्ति में बंटवारे की मांग नहीं कर सकती थीं, लेकिन अब कोपार्सेनरी राइट के तहत उन्हें अपने दादाजी या अपने पुरखों द्वारा अर्जित संपत्ति में से भी अपना हिस्सा पाने का पूरा अधिकार है| यह कानून सभी राज्यों में लागू हो चुका है|
कामकाजी महिलाओं के अधिकार
२६. इंडस्ट्रियल डिस्प्यूट एक्ट रूल- ५, शेड्यूल-५ के तहत यौन संपर्क के प्रस्ताव को न मानने के कारण कर्मचारी को काम से निकालने व एनी लाभों से वंचित करने पर कार्रवाई का प्रावधान है|
२७. समान काम के लिए महिलाओं को पुरुषों के बराबर वेतन पाने का अधिकार है|
२८. धारा ६६ के अनुसार, सूर्योदय से पहले [सुबह ६ बजे] और सूर्यास्त के बाद [शाम ७ बजे के बाद] काम करने के लिए महिलाओं को बाध्य नहीं किया जा सकता|
२९. भले ही उन्हें ओवरटाइम दिया जाए, लेकिन कोई महिला यदि शाम ७ बजे के बाद ऑफिस में न रुकना चाहे तो उसे रुकने के लिए बाध्य नहीं किया जा सकता|
३०. ऑफिस में होने वाले उत्पीड़न के खिलाफ महिलायें शिकायत दर्ज करा सकती हैं|
३१. प्रसूति सुविधा अधिनियम १९६१ के तहत, प्रसव के बाद महिलाओं को तीन माह की वैतनिक [सैलरी के साथ] मेटर्निटीलीव दी जाती है| इसके बाद भी वे चाहें तो तीन माह तक अवैतनिक [बिना सैलरी लिए] मेटर्निटी लीव ले सकती हैं|
३२. हिन्दू उत्तराधिकार अधिनियम १९५६ के तहत, विधवा अपने मृत पति की संपत्ति में अपने हिस्से की पूर्ण मालकिन होती है| पुनः विवाह कर लेने के बाद भी उसका यह अधिकार बना रहता है|
३३. यदि पत्नी पति के साथ न रहे तो भी उसका दाम्पत्य अधिकार कायम रहता है| यदि पति-पत्नी साथ नहीं भी रहते हैं या विवाहोत्तर सेक्स नहीं हुआ है तो दाम्पत्य अधिकार के प्रत्यास्थापन [रेस्टीट्यूशन ऑफ़ कॉन्जुगल राइट्स] की डिक्री पास की जा सकती है|
३४. यदि पत्नी एचआईवी ग्रस्त है तो उसे अधिकार है कि पति उसकी देखभाल करे|
३५. बलात्कार की शिकार महिला अपने सेक्सुअल बिहेवियरमें प्रोसिंक्टअस [Procinctus] तो भी उसे यह अधिकार है कि वह किसी के साथ और सबके साथ सेक्स सम्बन्ध से इनकार कर सकती है, क्योंकि वह किसी के या सबके द्वारा सेक्सुअल असॉल्ट के लिए असुरक्षित चीज या शिकार नहीं है|
३६. अन्य समुदायों की महिलाओं की तरह मुस्लिम महिला भी दंड प्रक्रिया संहिता की धारा १२५ के तहत गुजाराभत्ता पाने की हक़दार है| मुस्लिम महिला अपने तलाकशुदा पति से तब तक गुजाराभत्ता पाने की हक़दार है जब तक कि वह दूसरी शादी नहीं कर लेती है| [शाह बानो केस]
३७. हाल ही में बोम्बे हाई कोर्ट द्वारा एक केस में एक महत्वपूर्ण फैसला लिया गया कि दूसरी पत्नी को उसके पति द्वारा दोबारा विवाह के अपराध के लिए दोषी नहीं ठहराया जा सकता, क्योंकि यह बात नहीं कल्पित की जा सकती कि उसे अपने पति के पहले विवाह के बारे में जानकारी थी|
अधिकार से जुड़े कुछ मुद्दे ऐसे भी
३८. मासूम बच्चियों के साथ बढ़ते बलात्कार के मामले को गंभीरता से लेते हुए हाल ही में सुप्रीम कोर्ट ने जनहित याचिका पर महत्वपूर्ण निर्देश दिया है| अब बच्चियों से सेक्स करनेवाले या उन्हें वेश्यावृत्ति में धकेलने वाले लोगों के खिलाफ बलात्कार के आरोप में मुकदमें दर्ज होंगे, क्योंकि चाइल्ड प्रोस्टीट्यूशान बलात्कार के बराबर अपराध है|
३९. कई बार बलात्कार की शिकार महिलायें पुलिस जाँच और मुकदमें के दौरान जलालत व अपमान से बचने के लिए चुप रह जाती है| अतः हाल ही में सरकार ने सीआर. पी. सी. में बहुप्रतीक्षित संशोधनों का नोटिफिकेशान कर दिया है, जो इस प्रकार है-
बलात्कार से सम्बंधित मुकदमों की सुनवाई महिला जज ही करेगी|
ऐसे मामलों की सुनवाई दो महीनों में पूरी करने के प्रयास होंगे|
बलात्कार पीडिता के बयान महिला पुलिस अधिकारी दर्ज करेगी|
बयान पीडिता के घर में उसके परिजनों की मौजूदगी में लिखे जायेंगे|
४०. रुचिका-राठौड़ मामले से सबक लेते हुए कानून मंत्रालय अब छेड़छाड़ को सेक्सुअल क्राइम्स [स्पेशल कोटर्स] बिल २०१० नाम से एक विधेयक का एक मसौदा तैयार किया| इसके तहत छेडछाड को गैर-जमानती और संज्ञेय अपराध माना जायेगा| यदि ऐसा हुआ तो छेड़खानी करने वालों को सिर्फ एक शिकायत पर गिरफ्तार किया जा सकेगा और उन्हें थाने से जमानत भी नहीं मिलेगी|
४१. यदि कोई व्यक्ति सक्षम होने के बावजूद अपनी माँ, जो स्वतः अपना पोषण नहीं कर सकती, का भरण-पोषण करने की जिम्मेदारी नहीं लेता तो कोड ऑफ़ क्रिमिनल प्रोसीजर सेक्शन १२५ के तहत कोर्ट उसे माँ के पोषण के लिए पर्याप्त रकम देने का आदेश देता है|
४२. हाल में सरकार द्वारा लिए गए एक निर्णय के अनुसार अकेली रहने वाली महिला को खुद के नाम पर राशन कार्ड बनवाने का अधिकार है|
४३. लड़कियों को ग्रेजुएशन तक फ्री-एजुकेशन पाने का अधिकार है|
४४. यदि अभिभावक अपनी नाबालिग बेटी की शादी कर देते हैं तो वह लड़की बालिग होने पर दोबारा शादी कर सकती है, क्योंकि कानूनी तौर पर नाबालिग विवाह मान्य नहीं होती है|
पुलिस स्टेशन से जुड़े विशेष अधिकार
४५. आपके साथ हुआ अपराध या आपकी शिकायत गंभीर प्रकृति की है तो पुलिस एफआईआर यानी फर्स्ट इनफार्मेशन रिपोर्ट दर्ज करती है|
४६. यदि पुलिस एफआईआर दर्ज करती है तो एफआईआर की कॉपी देना पुलिस का कर्तव्य है|
४७. सूर्योदय से पहले और सूर्यास्त के बाद किसी भी तरह की पूछताछ के लिए किसी भी महिला को पुलिस स्टेशन में नहीं रोका जा सकता|
४८. पुलिस स्टेशन में किसी भी महिला से पूछताछ करने या उसकी तलाशी के दौरान महिला कॉन्सटेबल का होना जरुरी है|
४९. महिला अपराधी की डॉक्टरी जाँच महिला डॉक्टर करेगी या महिला डॉक्टर की उपस्थिति के दौरान कोई पुरुष डॉक्टर|
५०. किसी भी महिला गवाह को पूछताछ के लिए पुलिस स्टेशन आने के लिए बाध्य नहीं किया जा सकता| जरुरत पड़ने पर उससे पूछताछ के लिए पुलिस को ही उसके घर जाना होगा|
what is solution
In the current situation, the law is becoming a tool for the well-heeled and well-educated class but not reaching those who actually need it, according to Gokul. "The women who actually get physically abused mostly belong to the lower strata of society and they rarely make use of this law," he says.According to the victims, our system is not equipped for such law either. "The policemen involved know in most cases that they are dealing with a false case. But they go with whoever offers them bribes. There should be a proper investigation in each case before the arrest, and also there should be a fear of punishment in the event of misuse. As of now, if the charges are found to be false, the accused are just acquitted," says Sadhana.According to Lekha, a blanket ban on dowry will only lead to misuse of law. "Voluntary dowry should be made legal. Whatever is given as dowry should be recorded, together with the property or assets have been bought with it," she says. A few feel that laws should be made gender neutral. "This would ensure that the current laws cannot be held as a threat by one gender over the other. The original intention of the laws was to protect women. But today, because of one woman, there is a potential to falsely implicate more than one woman under these laws. Why is it that only a daughter-in-law has the right to law? What if the daughter-in-law is herself a perpetrator of domestic violence?" asks Kaushik C, yet another victim.However, there are also those who feel that the issue is being blown out of proportion. Says Preetha K K, a legal expert, "There is no strong law other than 498A to protect women from violence. Changing it for the sake of fear of misuse is ridiculous. People are conveniently forgetting the umpteen number of cases where the boy's family takes away the entire dowry amount, buys property with it in their own names, and throw the girl out of the house. The issue here is that genuine cases are not reaching the court
Indexes What Says about These cases in Delhi
NEW DELHI: Every year more than 10,000 complaints of dowry harassment are found to be false. Given that close to 90,000 to 1 lakh cases are investigated every year, the figure makes it one of the most abused laws in the country.Government is now working on a proposal to make Section 498A of the Indian Penal Code—that deals with offences engof dowry demand and cruelty by husband and in-laws—compoundable. This means that the law, if amended, would have the provision of settlement between the warring couple if the court allows the same.READ ALSO: False dowry charge ground for divorce, Supreme Court rulesAs the law stands now, the offence is non-compoundable and non-bailable. This leads to immediate arrest of husband and in-laws with onus to prove their innocence on them. It also rules out any effort at reconciliation.Sources in home ministry said that the ministry sent a draft note for the Union Cabinet to amend Section 498A of the IPC to the law ministry for drawing up a draft bill. Making dowry law compoundable was also among recommendations made by the law commission and Justice Malimath Committee.The new law would also have penalty provisions of Rs 15,000 as against Rs 1,000 now if the case is found to be false, said sources.
However, it would not be easy to get an amendment such as this through easily as women's rights activists have been vociferously opposed to such moves in the past. The argument against any dilution of the law is that it is the strength that several economically dependent and helpless women have against dowry harassment. A dilution effected due to over 10% false cases will affect millions whose cases may be genuine.
Also, w.r.t. Domestic Violence Cases, the common perception is that they are also overwhelmingly false. A study done by a Bangalore based Mens Rights Organization put the no. of false cases upwards of 90%. Though no extensive independent study has been done about it and no data is collated by any government agency about the same.
However, it would not be easy to get an amendment such as this through easily as women's rights activists have been vociferously opposed to such moves in the past. The argument against any dilution of the law is that it is the strength that several economically dependent and helpless women have against dowry harassment. A dilution effected due to over 10% false cases will affect millions whose cases may be genuine.
If you juxtapose NCRB data on the crimes registered and persons convicted, it can be safely assumed that nearly 98% of Dowry cases registered in India are false.
Also, w.r.t. Domestic Violence Cases, the common perception is that they are also overwhelmingly false. A study done by a Bangalore based Mens Rights Organization put the no. of false cases upwards of 90%. Though no extensive independent study has been done about it and no data is collated by any government agency about the same.
Go to Different Foundation Helping Harassed Husbands
Go to Different Foundation Helping Harassed Husbands
The primary goal of SIFF is to put an end to the epidemic of false dowry, false domestic violence and false rape cases in India, to create gender neutral laws and end discrimination of men and male disposability. If you are looking for guidance for your marital problems and peace of mind, then a few of the wonderful guys with vast experience are associated with SIFF and its Partner Organisations. Here is the advice for you. (1) Do not Panic (2) Be Patient as you seek advice from them. Call Timings: 10 AM – 10 PM IST
save indian family ---
http://www.saveindianfamily.org/contact/
Guideline For Police Case via Arnesh Kumar SC Judgment
Although most of the time I see that the people joining men’s forums are not getting arrested upon 498A FIR, there are a few who have been arrested. I think they are aware of the SC judgment against arbitrary arrest in 498A, but haven’t taken any action against police/magistrate after that. The Arnesh Kumar SC judgment is already blogged here which gives full judgment text of “no automatic arrests in 498A” judgment by Supreme Court on Jul 2, 2014. This post is meant for anyone who got arrested under 498A after Jul 2, 2014, and wants to do something about it.After the above judgment has come into force, based on my assessment from calls received, the number of arrests under 498A seem to have come down by 70-80% at least. We cannot be sure of the exact statistics until NCRB (National Crime Records Bureau) releases its update of crime statistics which incorporate data after Jul 2014. It’s also possible that in some states like West Bengal, Bihar, Jharkhand, many of the falsely accused don’t call men’s rights helplines, so with lower awareness of citizens’ rights the number of arrests may be more; and also we don’t get to hear about many of those arrests.
Below, I give the main points from SC judgment, and basic scenarios how police may behave after 498A FIR is filed; and how to complain to authorities if you were unjustifiably arrested after filing of IPC 498A case after Jul 2, 2014. Note that it is possible that along with IPC 498A there was another IPC section in complaint which has more than 7 years punishment, so the SC judgment on 498A/7 years limit may not be applicable.
Below, I give the main points from SC judgment, and basic scenarios how police may behave after 498A FIR is filed; and how to complain to authorities if you were unjustifiably arrested after filing of IPC 498A case after Jul 2, 2014. Note that it is possible that along with IPC 498A there was another IPC section in complaint which has more than 7 years punishment, so the SC judgment on 498A/7 years limit may not be applicable.
In the Arnesh Kumar SC judgment, the 6 points at end of the judgment give all the steps which police needs to follow in line with CrPC 41 and 41A; those 6 points are reproduced verbatim below:
Penal actions on police for arbitrary arrests under IPC 498a (and other offences up to 7 years punishment)
Penal actions on magistrates for routinely allowing arrests without scrutiny
Possible scenarios after 498A FIR is filed with respect to police and CrPC 41, 41A
(1) All the State Governments to instruct its police officers not to automatically arrest when a case under Section 498-A of the IPC is registered but to satisfy themselves about the necessity for arrest under the parameters laid down above flowing from Section 41, Cr.PC;
(2) All police officers be provided with a check list containing specified sub-clauses under Section 41(1)(b)(ii);
(3) The police officer shall forward the check list duly filed and furnish the reasons and materials which necessitated the arrest, while forwarding/producing the accused before the Magistrate for further detention;
(4) The Magistrate while authorising detention of the accused shall peruse the report furnished by the police officer in terms aforesaid and only after recording its satisfaction, the Magistrate will authorise detention
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(5) The decision not to arrest an accused, be forwarded to the Magistrate within two weeks from the date of the institution of the case with a copy to the Magistrate which may be extended by the Superintendent of police of the district for the reasons to be recorded in writing;
(6) Notice of appearance in terms of Section 41A of Cr.PC be served on the accused within two weeks from the date of institution of the case, which may be extended by the Superintendent of Police of the District for the reasons to be recorded in writing;
Now after the above 6 points, follow the main points (7) and (8) in the Arnesh Kumar SC judgment (the headlines are mine, not part of judgment), which defined what action can be taken against police or magistrate or both of them.
(7) Failure to comply with the directions aforesaid shall apart from rendering the police officers concerned liable for departmental action, they shall also be liable to be punished for contempt of court to be instituted before High Court having territorial jurisdiction.
(8) Authorising detention without recording reasons as aforesaid by the judicial Magistrate concerned shall be liable for departmental action by the appropriate High Court.
So what you need to do is check if the points (1) to (6) were followed or not fully. If not, then using points (7) and (8) above you can approach senior police or high courts against police and magistrates for action against them. Below is how various combination of scenarios will work out in any 498A case.
1. Happy scenario of law abiding police: Police follows CrPC 41 and 41A procedures, and sends notice of appearance under CrPC 41A to accused husband/his family. This seems to be happening in most of cases these days. If the accused cooperate, the police cannot do anything except call them maybe couple of times and take their statement etc.
2. Law abiding police, but accused go into hiding: Police follows CrPC 41 and 41A procedures, and sends notice of appearance to accused husband/his family. The accused husband/familylose nerve fearing arrest, and instead of complying with notice, they go absconding trying to get an anticipatory bail in the meantime. As per law (don’t ask me about the CrPC sections, I am not studying to become a lawyer), they can be declared absconders from law. If they get anticipatory bail while absconding, well and good, but if they don’t, then they will have no choice left but appear in front of court and surrender, and hope to get bail same day or else get remanded to judicial custody. In most places, people get bail after 3 days maximum but in few dark corners of India where men’s rights has not penetrated fully, it may happen only after 14-15 days.
3. Police follows oppressive tactics: Police does not follow CrPC 41 and 41A procedures, andarrest husband/family members arbitrarily and without reason, and police has no good evidence to show to court why arresting the accused was necessary. Now when the accused are produced in front of magistrate, the magistrate has to look at the 6 points given above in Arnesh Kumar SC judgment, and if those points were not followed, then point (7) of the judgment can be used against police. The magistrate finds from the records given by police that they did not follow the CrPC 41A procedure, and grants bail to accused, and also orders for departmental action against police personnel. In fact, in order pasted at end of post, the Punjab and Haryana HC has done exactly that and started departmental action against police personnel by following point (7) of judgment.
4. Police oppressive, magistrates sleeping on job: Same scenario as in point 3 above, where police does not follow CrPC 41 and 41A procedures, and arrest husband/family members arbitrarily and without reason, and police has no good evidence to show to court why arresting the accused was necessary. But what happens now is that the magistrate also does not do the job as he is expected to do, and does not check whether police recorded reasons for arrest, and/or whether the reasons recorded for arrest were justified or not. Now in this case, both police and magistrate have failed and they are both liable for penal action against them. Now along with point (7) against police, point (8) against magistrate will also come into play.
An IIT Kanpur topper, Deeptanshu Shukla, has recently won a false dowry harassment case
An IIT Kanpur topper, Deeptanshu Shukla, has recently won a false dowry harassment case filed by his wife, Pragya Dwivedi, an assistant professor at a private university in Indore.
The couple was married in 2011 through some matrimonial website and in 2012 Pragya Dwivedi filed a case against Shukla stating that the family had already claimed 15 lakhs in dowry, and was harassing them for 1 crore more plus some property.
This came as a shock to Shukla, as he was arrested and kept in custody for some time in November 2012, while his mother was in a private hospital in Bhopal.
Deeptanshu Shukla then decided to fight his own case in the court, researching on dowry and divorce laws and the court judgements all on his own. He managed to do a sting operation on his wife to prove that she was filing a wrongful case. He also proved there were discrepancies in the statements given by Pragya and her parents regarding the persons involved in exchange of the 15 lakh dowry. He also claimed in front of the court that Pragya was unwilling to live with his parents, who were afflicted with ailments at the time, so he had rented a house separately in Indore. However after a while she began to insist on getting a divorce so he tried getting counselling, which apparently did not work.
It is quite evident from this case that the Prohibition of Dowry Act can often be misused by any party in a marriage, be it the woman or man. However with perseverance and a lot of will power, Deeptanshu Shukla was able to resolve this sticky situation for himself. Despite ambiguity regarding how legitimate his position is, he was able to prove himself right.
However another disturbing fact of this case has been the reactions to it on social networking sites such as Reddit, with some misogynistic comments floating around, citing this case as a repercussion to giving women too much freedom or choice.
Debate on Being Misused of dowry Law and Its Guideline provided by SC
Debate on Being Misused of dowry Law and Its Guideline provided by SC
must see from NDTV https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=yd6sYIKBxVQ
Action Against Police and Magistrate
How to initiate action against police or magistrate
Real life example of action against police personnel for arbitrarily arresting 498A accused
1. The complaint against police will lie as both a departmental action started by senior police officers, and a contempt of court complaint in high court having jurisdiction over the police station. One should start with departmental action at the least.
2. The complaint against magistrate can be filed to the High court registrar/administrative department of high court having jurisdiction over magistrate’s court.
Lastly, the Arnesh Kumar SC judgment is applicable for all offences with punishment upto 7 years, not just IPC 498a. So its scope is much wider and it is really against arbitrary exercise of power of arrest by police and it’s routine authorisation by judiciary rather than just misuse of 498A.
Following is a real example of a departmental action taken against police for having routinely arrested a person under 498A. In this case, the judge while granting bail also made DCP, Panchkula responsible to start departmental action against the police persons who arrested this person without filing the checklist of requirements of CrPC 41A. If the DCP doesn’t take any action, then they will become liable for contempt of high court as per order below.
Counter Complain Case Against Wife By Court Order
A woman and a police officer, who allegedly tried to implicate a man in a dowry case, have got trapped in their own net.
A woman and a police officer, who allegedly tried to implicate a man in a dowry case, have got trapped in their own net.
A harassed Nishant Saini, 32, has filed a retaliatory complaint in court seeking the arrest of his wife, Anjali Dargan, 30, for “forcefully giving dowry which he never demanded”.
Police officer Asha Sinha, who helped Dargan, is also in trouble. Metropolitan magistrate (MM) Saurabh Pratap Singh Laler ordered deputy commissioner of police (DCP) of south Delhi to take action against the officer for failing to submit a report despite the court’s order.
Saini, an architect, married Dargan, an executive with ITC, in 2007. But their relationship soured within six months. Dargan slapped a dowry case against Saini, alleging that he had taken Rs17 lakh in dowry and forcibly kept her jewellery and stridhan (bride’s article) worth Rs20 lakh. Though Saini refuted the charges, he spent six days in Tihar jail. He also lost his job.
Later, Saini filed a counter complaint with the police, accusing his wife and in-laws of forcing him to accept the money he never demanded. When the police refused to register his complaint Saini approached the court under Section 156 (3) of the CrPc, seeking action against his wife and her parents under Section 3 of the Dowry Prohibition Act (DPA). Section 3 DPA is a non-bailable, non compoundable (cannot be withdrawn), cognisable offence for giving, taking or abetting giving or taking of dowry. It carries a minimum punishment of five years in prison. On the other hand, Section 498A (cruelty for dowry), which Dargan had filed against Saini, has a penalty of three years in prison.
Based on Saini’s complaint the judge, who was convinced that the wife was involved in the dowry offense, ordered officer Sinha to find out whether the money was willingly given by the woman’s family or under pressure from the groom’s side. However, Sinha, who had earlier opposed Saini’s bail, failed to submit a report and told the court that no case could be registered against the bride or her parents.
“Instead of conducting the investigation, the police were trying to save the accused, forcing us to move a contempt of court application against Sinha,” Saini’s lawyer Pradip Nawani said. The judge directed Sinha’s senior officers to take action against her for contempt of court.
File Counter Cases Against Wife and her Family
File Counter Cases Against Wife and her Family
If there is enough evidence with the boy's family to show that FIR is totally false, one way is to quash the FIR under 482 but that generally is a tougher battle to win. Since the wife has given statements in FIR and cannot change that can't some counter cases that she has made false statements and submitted false statements be made against her? Like any one of the following or more than one of the following
Will such counter cases help? Which of the below are criminal IPC. In short can the FIR be used as basis to file counter case against the woman? She is a real b****
IPC 177– Furnishing false information.
IPC 182– False information, with intent to cause public servant to use his lawful power to the injury of another person
IPC 191– Giving false evidence
IPC 193– Punishment for false evidence
IPC 194– Giving or fabricating false evidence with intent to procure conviction of capital offence.
IPC 195– Giving or fabricating false evidence with intent to procure conviction of offence punishable with imprisonment for life or imprisonment
IPC 199– False statement made in declaration which is by law receivable as evidence.
IPC 200– Using as true such declaration knowing it to be false.
IPC 211– False charge of offence made with intent to injure
IPC 361– Kidnapping from lawful guardianship.
IPC 362– Abduction.
IPC 363– Punishment for kidnapping.
IPC 378– Theft
IPC 379– Punishment for theft
IPC 380– Theft in dwelling house, etc
IPC 405– Criminal breach of trust
IPC 406– Punishment for criminal breach of trust
IPC 415– Cheating.
IPC 417– Punishment for cheating.
IPC 499– Defamation.
IPC 500– Punishment for defamation
If there is enough evidence with the boy's family to show that FIR is totally false, one way is to quash the FIR under 482 but that generally is a tougher battle to win. Since the wife has given statements in FIR and cannot change that can't some counter cases that she has made false statements and submitted false statements be made against her? Like any one of the following or more than one of the following
Will such counter cases help? Which of the below are criminal IPC. In short can the FIR be used as basis to file counter case against the woman? She is a real b****
IPC 177– Furnishing false information.
IPC 182– False information, with intent to cause public servant to use his lawful power to the injury of another person
IPC 191– Giving false evidence
IPC 193– Punishment for false evidence
IPC 194– Giving or fabricating false evidence with intent to procure conviction of capital offence.
IPC 195– Giving or fabricating false evidence with intent to procure conviction of offence punishable with imprisonment for life or imprisonment
IPC 199– False statement made in declaration which is by law receivable as evidence.
IPC 200– Using as true such declaration knowing it to be false.
IPC 211– False charge of offence made with intent to injure
IPC 361– Kidnapping from lawful guardianship.
IPC 362– Abduction.
IPC 363– Punishment for kidnapping.
IPC 378– Theft
IPC 379– Punishment for theft
IPC 380– Theft in dwelling house, etc
IPC 405– Criminal breach of trust
IPC 406– Punishment for criminal breach of trust
IPC 415– Cheating.
IPC 417– Punishment for cheating.
IPC 499– Defamation.
IPC 500– Punishment for defamation
Cases Can Be Filed BY Your Wife
the Dowry Prohibition Act, 1961
The Dowry Prohibition Act, 1961
(1) This Act may be called the Dowry Prohibition Act, 1961. —(1) This Act may be called the Dowry Prohibition Act, 1961."
(2) It extends to the whole of India except the State of Jammu and Kashmir.
(3) It shall come into force on such date1 as the Central Government may, by notification in the Official Gazette, appoint.
2 Definition of ‘dowry'. —In this Act, “dowry” means any property or valuable security given or agreed to be given either directly or indirectly—
(a) by one party to a marriage to the other party to the marriage; or
(b) by the parent of either party to a marriage or by any other person, to either party to the marriage or to any other person,
at or before 1 [or any time after the marriage] 2 [in connection with the marriage of the said parties, but does not include] dower or mahr in the case of persons to whom the Muslim Personal Law (Shariat) applies. 3 Explanation II.— The expression “valuable security” has the same meaning as in section 30 of the Indian Penal Code (45 of 1860).
3. Penalty for giving or taking dowry.
(1) ] If any person, after the commencement of this Act, gives or takes or abets the giving or taking of dowry, he shall be punishable 2[with imprisonment for a term which shall not be less than 3[five years, and with fine which shall not be less than fifteen thousand rupees or the amount of the value of such dowry, whichever is more]: —1[(1)] If any person, after the commencement of this Act, gives or takes or abets the giving or taking of dowry, he shall be punishable 2[with imprisonment for a term which shall not be less than 3[five years, and with fine which shall not be less than fifteen thousand rupees or the amount of the value of such dowry, whichever is more]\:" Provided that the Court may, for adequate and special reasons to be recorded in the judgment, impose a sentence of imprisonment for a term of less than 4[five years].] 5[(2) Nothing in sub-section (1) shall apply to, or in relation to,— 1[(2) Nothing in sub-section (1) shall apply to, or in relation to,—"
(a) presents which are given at the time of a marriage to the bride (without any demand having been made in that behalf): Provided that such presents are entered in a list maintained in accordance with the rules made under this Act;
(b) presents which are given at the time of a marriage to the bridegroom (without any demand having been made in that behalf): Provided that such presents are entered in a list maintained in accordance with the rules made under this Act: Provided further that where such presents are made by or on behalf of the bride or any person related to the bride, such presents are of a customary nature and the value thereof is not excessive having regard to the financial status of the person by whom, or on whose behalf, such presents are given.]
1[4. Penalty for demanding dowry.—If any person demands, directly or indirectly, from the parents or other relatives or guardian of a bride or bridegroom, as the case may be, any dowry, he shall be punishable with imprisonment for a term which shall not be less than six months, but which may extend to two years and with fine which may extend to ten thousand rupees: 2[4. Penalty for demanding dowry.—If any person demands, directly or indirectly, from the parents or other relatives or guardian of a bride or bridegroom, as the case may be, any dowry, he shall be punishable with imprisonment for a term which shall not be less than six months, but which may extend to two years and with fine which may extend to ten thousand rupees\:" Provided that the court may, for adequate and special reasons to be mentioned in the judgment, impose a sentence of imprisonment for a term of less than six months.]
1[4A. Ban on advertisement.—If any person,— 1[4A. Ban on advertisement.—If any person,—"
(a) offers, through any advertisement in any newspaper, periodical, journal or through any other media, any share in his property or of any money or both as a share in any business or other interest as consideration for the marriage of his son or daughter or any other relative;
(b) prints or publishes or circulates any advertisement referred to in clause (a), he shall be punishable with imprisonment for a term which shall not be less than six months, but which may extend to five years, or with fine which may extend to fifteen thousand rupees: Provided that the Court may, for adequate and special reasons to be recorded in the judgment, impose a sentence of imprisonment for a term of less than six months.]
5. Agreement for giving or taking dowry to be void.—Any agreement for the giving or taking of dowry shall be void. —Any agreement for the giving or taking of dowry shall be void."
6. Dowry to be for the benefit of the wife or her heirs.—
(1) Where any dowry is received by any person other than the woman in connection with whose marriage it is given, that person shall transfer it to the woman— —(1) Where any dowry is received by any person other than the woman in connection with whose marriage it is given, that person shall transfer it to the woman—"
(a) if the dowry was received before marriage, within 1[three months] after the date of marriage; or
(b) if the dowry was received at the time of or after the marriage, within 1[three months] after the date of its receipt; or
(c) if the dowry was received when the woman was a minor, within 1[three months] after she has attained the age of eighteen years, and pending such transfer, shall hold it in trust for the benefit of the woman. 2[(2) If any person fails to transfer any property as required by sub-section (1) within the time limit specified therefor, 3[or as required by sub-section (3),] he shall be punishable with imprisonment for a term which shall not be less than six months, but which may extend to two years or with fine 4[which shall not be less than five thousand rupees, but which may extend to ten thousand rupees] or with both.] 1[(2) If any person fails to transfer any property as required by sub-section (1) within the time limit specified therefor, 2[or as required by sub-section (3),] he shall be punishable with imprisonment for a term which shall not be less than six months, but which may extend to two years or with fine 3[which shall not be less than five thousand rupees, but which may extend to ten thousand rupees] or with both.]"
(3) Where the woman entitled to any property under sub-section (1) dies before receiving it, the heirs of the woman shall be entitled to claim it from the person holding it for the time being: 3[Provided that where such woman dies within seven years of her marriage, otherwise than due to natural causes, such property shall,— 2[Provided that where such woman dies within seven years of her marriage, otherwise than due to natural causes, such property shall,—"
(a) if she has no children, be transferred to her parents; or
(b) if she has children, be transferred to such children and pending such transfer, be held in trust for such children.] 5[(3A) Where a person convicted under sub-section (2) for failure to transfer any property as required by sub-section (1) 3[or sub-section (3)] has not, before his conviction under that sub-section, transferred such property to the woman entitled thereto or, as the case may be, 6[her heirs, parents or children] the Court shall, in addition to awarding punishment under that sub-section, direct, by order in writing, that such person shall transfer the property to such woman or, as the case may be, 6[her heirs, parents or children] within such period as may be specified in the order, and if such person fails to comply with the direction within the period so specified, an amount equal to the value of the property may be recovered from him as if it were a fine imposed by such Court and paid to such woman or, as the case may be, 6[her heirs, parents or children]. 4[(3A) Where a person convicted under sub-section (2) for failure to transfer any property as required by sub-section (1) 2[or sub-section (3)] has not, before his conviction under that sub-section, transferred such property to the woman entitled thereto or, as the case may be, 5[her heirs, parents or children] the Court shall, in addition to awarding punishment under that sub-section, direct, by order in writing, that such person shall transfer the property to such woman or, as the case may be, 5[her heirs, parents or children] within such period as may be specified in the order, and if such person fails to comply with the direction within the period so specified, an amount equal to the value of the property may be recovered from him as if it were a fine imposed by such Court and paid to such woman or, as the case may be, 5[her heirs, parents or children]."
(4) Nothing contained in this section shall affect the provisions of section 3 or section 4.
1[7. Cognizance of offences.—
(1) Notwithstanding anything contained in the Code of Criminal Procedure, 1973 (2 of 1974),—
(a) no Court inferior to that of a Metropolitan Magistrate or a Judicial Magistrate of the first class shall try any offence under this Act;
(b) no Court shall take cognizance of an offence under this Act except upon—
(i) its own knowledge or a police report of the facts which constitute such offence, or
(ii) a complaint by the person aggrieved by the offence or a parent or other relative of such person, or by any recognized welfare institution or organisation;
(c) it shall be lawful for a Metropolitan Magistrate or a Judicial Magistrate of the first class to pass any sentence authorised by this Act on any person convicted of an offence under this Act. Explanation.—For the purposes of this sub-section, “recognized welfare institution or organisation” means a social welfare institution or organisation recognized in this behalf by the Central or State Government.
(2) Nothing in Chapter XXXVI of the Code of Criminal Procedure, 1973 (2 of 1974) shall apply to any offence punishable under this Act.] 2[(3) Notwithstanding anything contained in any law for the time being in force a statement made by the person aggrieved by the offence shall not subject such person to a prosecution under this Act.] 2[(3) Notwithstanding anything contained in any law for the time being in force a statement made by the person aggrieved by the offence shall not subject such person to a prosecution under this Act.]"
1[8. Offences to be cognizable for certain purposes and to be 2[non-bailable] and non-compoundable.—
(1) The Code of Criminal Procedure, 1973 (2 of 1974), shall apply to offences under this Act as if they were cognizable offences—
(a) for the purposes of investigation of such offences; and
(2) Every offence under this Act shall be 3[non-bailable] and non-compoundable.]
1[8A. Burden of proof in certain cases.—Where any person is prosecuted for taking or abetting the taking of any dowry under section 3, or the demanding of dowry under section 4, the burden of proving that he had not committed an offence under these sections shall be on him.] 2[8A. Burden of proof in certain cases.—Where any person is prosecuted for taking or abetting the taking of any dowry under section 3, or the demanding of dowry under section 4, the burden of proving that he had not committed an offence under these sections shall be on him.]"
1[8B. Dowry Prohibition Officers.—
(1) The State Government may appoint as many Dowry Prohibition Officers as it thinks fit and specify the areas in respect of which they shall exercise their jurisdiction and powers under this Act. —(1) The State Government may appoint as many Dowry Prohibition Officers as it thinks fit and specify the areas in respect of which they shall exercise their jurisdiction and powers under this Act."
(2) Every Dowry Prohibition Officer shall exercise and perform the following powers and functions, namely:—
(a) to see that the provisions of this Act are complied with;
(b) to prevent, as far as possible, the taking or abetting the taking of, or the demanding of, dowry;
(c) to collect such evidence as may be necessary for the prosecution of persons committing offences under the Act; and
(d) to perform such additional functions as may be assigned to him by the State Government, or as may be specified in the rules made under this Act.
(3) The State Government may, by notification in the Official Gazette, confer such powers of a police officer as may be specified in the notification on the Dowry Prohibition Officer who shall exercise such powers subject to such limitations and conditions as may be specified by rules made under this Act.
(4) The State Government may, for the purpose of advising and assisting Dowry Prohibition Officers in the efficient performance of their functions under this Act, appoint an Advisory Board consisting of not more than five social welfare workers (out of whom at least two shall be women) from the area in respect of which such Dowry Prohibition Officer exercises jurisdiction under sub-section (1).]
9. Power to make rules.—
(1) The Central Government may, by notification in the Official Gazette, make rules for carrying out the purposes of this Act. —(1) The Central Government may, by notification in the Official Gazette, make rules for carrying out the purposes of this Act." 1[(2) In particular, and without prejudice to the generality of the foregoing power, such rules may provide for— 3[(2) In particular, and without prejudice to the generality of the foregoing power, such rules may provide for—"
(a) the form and manner in which, and the persons by whom, any list of presents referred to in sub-section (2) of section 3 shall be maintained and all other matters connected therewith; and
(b) the better co-ordination of policy and action with respect to the administration of this Act.] 2[(3)] Every rule made under this section shall be laid as soon as may be after it is made before each House of Parliament while it is in session for a total period of thirty days which may be comprised in one session or 3[in two or more successive sessions, and if, before the expiry of the session immediately following the session or the successive sessions aforesaid], both Houses agree in making any modification in the rule or both Houses agree that the rule should not be made, the rule shall thereafter have effect only in such modified form or be of no effect, as the case may be; so however that any such modification or annulment shall be without prejudice to the validity of anything previously done under that rule. 1[(3)] Every rule made under this section shall be laid as soon as may be after it is made before each House of Parliament while it is in session for a total period of thirty days which may be comprised in one session or 2[in two or more successive sessions, and if, before the expiry of the session immediately following the session or the successive sessions aforesaid], both Houses agree in making any modification in the rule or both Houses agree that the rule should not be made, the rule shall thereafter have effect only in such modified form or be of no effect, as the case may be; so however that any such modification or annulment shall be without prejudice to the validity of anything previously done under that rule."
1[10. Power of State Government to make rules.—
(1) The State Government may, by notification in the Official Gazette, make rules for carrying out the purposes of this Act. 3[10. Power of State Government to make rules.—(1) The State Government may, by notification in the Official Gazette, make rules for carrying out the purposes of this Act."
(2) In particular, and without prejudice to the generality of the foregoing power, such rules may provide for all or any of the following matters, namely:—
(a) the additional functions to be performed by the Dowry Prohibition Officers under sub-section (2) of section 8B;
(b) limitations and conditions subject to which a Dowry Prohibition Officer may exercise his functions under sub-section (3) of section 8B.
(3) Every rule made by the State Government under this section shall be laid as soon as may be after it is made before the State Legislature.
Section 498A in The Indian Penal Code
376 [498A. Husband or relative of husband of a woman subjecting her to cruelty.—Whoever, being the husband or the relative of the husband of a woman, subjects such woman to cruelty shall be punished with imprisonment for a term which may extend to three years and shall also be liable to fine. Explanation.—For the purpose of this section, “cruelty” means—
(a) any wilful conduct which is of such a nature as is likely to drive the woman to commit suicide or to cause grave injury or danger to life, limb or health (whether mental or physical) of the woman; or
(b) harassment of the woman where such harassment is with a view to coercing her or any person related to her to meet any unlawful demand for any property or valuable security or is on account of failure by her or any person related to her to meet such demand.]
IPC 323-
Whoever, except in the case provided for by section 334,voluntarily causes hurt, shall be punished with imprisonment of either description for a term which may extend to one year, or with fine which may extend to one thousand rupees, or with both.IPC 504-
Whoever intentionally insults, and thereby gives provocation to any person, intending or knowing it to be likely that such provocation will cause him to break the public peace, or to commit any other offence, shall be punished with imprisonment of either description for a term which may extend to two years, or with fine, or with both.
IPC 506-
Whoever commits, the offence of criminal intimidation shall be punished with imprisonment of either description for a term which may extend to two years, or with fine, or with both;
If threat be to cause death or grievous hurt, etc.: -And if the threat be to cause death or grievous hurt, or to cause the destruction of any property by fire, or to cause an offence punishable with death or *[imprisonment for life], or with imprisonment for a term which may extend to seven years, or to impute, unchastity to a woman, shall be punished with imprisonment of either description for a term which may extend to seven years, or with fine, or with both.
STATE AMENDMENT
State of Uttar Pradesh
Imprisonment of 7 years, or fine or both-Cognizable-Non-bailable-Triable by Magistrate of the first class-Non-compoundable.
Vide Notification No.777/VIII 9-4(2)-87, dated 31st July, 1989, Published in U.P. Gazette, Extra., Pt. A, sec. (kha), dated 2nd August, 1989.
1. Subs. by Act 26 of 1955, sec.117 and sch., for "transportation for life" (w.e.f. 1-1-1956).
go to website for all cases http://www.indianlawcases.com/Act-Indian.Penal.Code,1860-1973
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